13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Composition of biomass.Figure 14.2 (a) Reaction process images, quantification, and distribution of products obtained from the photocatalytic depolymerization of birch lignin. (b) Proposed mechanism for β‐O‐4 bond cleavage in the photocatalytic conversion of lignin over the Zn4In2S7 catalyst. Source: Reprinted with permission from Lin et al. [27].Figure 14.3 Photographs taken before (a) and after (b) precipitation of lignin during photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of 500 ppm lignin at different times, (c) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of lignin and modified lignin, and (d) intermediates analyzed using HPLC. Source: Reprinted with permission from Tian et al. [48].Figure 14.4 Illustration of experimental reactor used for photoreforming cellulose to hydrogen via combined photocatalysis and acid hydrolysis. Source: Zou et al. [56].Figure 14.5 Photothermally promoted cleavage of β‐1,4‐glycosidic bonds of cellulose on Ir/HY catalyst. Source: Reprinted with permission from Zhang et al. [57].Figure 14.6 Schematic representation of the photocatalytic system for the H2 evolution by water splitting over irradiated Pt/TiO2 in the presence of cellulose as the sacrificial agent. Source: Speltini et al. [62], licensed under CC BY 3.0.Figure 14.7 Photocatalytic H2 production using activated NCNCNx (5 mg) and Ni bis(diphosphine) (NiP) (50 nmol) with purified lignocellulose components (100 mg) in potassium phosphate (KPi) solution (0.1 M, pH 4.5, 3 ml) under AM 1.5 G irradiation for 24 hours at 25 °C. Source: Kasap et al. [68].Figure 14.8 Schematic illustration of the lignocellulose structure and photocatalytic valorization of native lignin. Source: Reprinted with permission from Wu et al. [70].Figure 14.9 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of sample Bi2WO6; (b) Time‐online photocatalytic performance toward selective oxidation of glycerol to DHA over Bi2WO6. Source: (a) Reprinted with permission from Zhang et al. [74]; (b) Zhang et al. [74].Figure 14.10 A simple solar‐induced hybrid direct glycerol fuel cell consists of a Pt cathode, a Na‐Pi buffer electrolyte with glycerol as fuel and NiPi/Pi–Fe2O3 as a photoanode, and the possible photo‐generated charging process of glycerol process of glycerol